Biology Principles of inheritance and variation class 12

In this course we will learn about Brief concept of inheritance and variation Genetics • Organisms reproduce- formation of offspring of the same kind. • The resulting offspring most often do not totally resemble the parent. • Branch of biology that deals with the inheritance and variation- Genetics.

• Inheritance- the process by which characters are passed on from parent to progeny. • Variation-it is the degree by which progeny differ from their parents. history • Human knew before 8000- 1000 B.

C variation is due to sexual reproduction • Exploited variations present in wild plants & animals to selectively breed & select organism with desirable characters • Artificial selection & domestication of wild cow- Sahiwal cows in Punjab Genetics is the branch of life science that deals with the study of heredity and variation. • Heredity is the transmission of characters from parents to their offsprings. • Variation is the difference among the offsprings and with their parents.

• Hereditary variations: These are genetical and inheritable. • Environmental variation: These are acquired and non inheritable. TerminologyGregor Johann Mendel: Father of Genetics • Known as the father of modern genetics • Gregor Mendel developed the principles of heredity while studying seven pairs of inherited characteristics in pea plants.