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In this course we will include the clinical significance for most commonly known lab tests including:1. Biological Fluids lab tests: ascites, pleural effusion (Hydrothorax, Hemothorax & Chylothorax), CSF (Bacterial or Hemorrhagic), Amniotic fluid & Intra-articular fluid for rheumatoid arthritis. 2.

Diabetic complications & lab tests for good prognosis: this includes how to perform differential diagnosis between DKA & HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar state)3. Liver Function tests: ALT, AST, ALP & GGT - How to interpret results and to reach a conclusive diagnosis whether the condition is a hepatocellular injury, Post-hepatic (Obstructive jaundice) or Pre-hepatic. 4.

Pancreatic function tests: Amylase & Lipases, their significance in pancreatic function tests & to determine whether the condition is acute or chronic pancreatitis - Chronic pancreatitis specific lab tests (fecal elastase). 5. Renal Function tests: starting from the GFR principle ending with most commonly used tests Urea, Creatinine & Cystatin-C (The most efficient one).

6. Autoimmune Diseases: General autoimmune diseases principle, common autoimmune diseases including the genetic & environmental factor for each one. Such included diseases in this chapter: Celiac disease, Rheumatoid arthritis & Systemic Lupus Erythrematousus.