The Human Genome - DNA Structure and Replication

Life depends on the ability of cells to translate the genetic instructions required to make and maintain a living organism. Indeed, these instructions are stored within every living cell in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The most crucial advance made in the 1940s was the recognition that DNA is the carrier of the cell's genetic information.

There has been a tremendous amount of progress in understanding DNA in recent years. The study of disease pathways, the identification of hereditary abnormalities, and the formulation of new drugs have all benefited from advances made possible by a better understanding of DNA's structure and function. In this lecture, we initially look at the DNA discovery from Watson and Cricks and describing the double helix structure and function of DNA.

Furthermore, we focus in the types and structure of RNA and its importance. We look at DNA replication enzymes and DNA replication process in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, emphasizing the differences between them. Understanding the importance of DNA replications and enzyme involved such as DNA polymerases and helicases will also make you appreciate more the complex biological processes that occur in a cell.

This lecture points out the central dogma of molecular biology which is a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein. You will be able to use this knowledge to understand more about personalized medicine which is revolutionizing the medicine by aiming to provide tailor-made prevention and treatment strategies for defined groups of individuals. Furthermore, you will gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of genetic diseases, such as single gene disorders like cystic fibrosis, which will be discussed in week 3.