IBM SPSS Statistics: Getting Started

Retrieval-augmented generation is a pattern that searches a body of documents when a question arrives and places the passages it finds into the model's prompt, so the answer is drawn from those sources rather than from training alone.

Natural language processing is the area of AI that makes human language readable and writable by machine: sorting text into categories, pulling structured facts out of it, translating it, generating it and measuring whether any of that came out right.

Computer vision is the branch of artificial intelligence that turns images and video into structured answers: what is in the frame, where it sits, which pixels belong to it, and where it moves next.

A data lake is a store that keeps data in its original form, files of any shape in cheap object storage, loaded before anyone has decided what questions will be asked of it, so that the structure is applied when the data is read rather than when it is written.

Business intelligence is the practice and the tooling for turning an organisation's data into reports and dashboards that people use to run it: connecting to the sources, modelling the data into measures everyone agrees on, and presenting it so that a manager sees the state of the business without asking an analyst.

Data governance is the set of decisions and responsibilities an organisation puts in place over its data: who owns each dataset, what each field means, who may read or change it, how long it is kept and how its quality is measured, recorded so that the answers do not depend on who is asked.