Introduction to Data Visualization

Machine learning is the branch of computing in which a program works out its rule from examples instead of being handed that rule by a programmer, and is judged on how well the rule holds on cases it was never shown.

A neural network is a stack of layers of very simple arithmetic units whose connection strengths are adjusted by training until the whole arrangement turns the inputs you have into the outputs you want.

Deep learning is machine learning built on neural networks of many stacked layers, which work out for themselves which properties of the raw data matter instead of being handed a list by a person.

Data visualisation is the practice of encoding numbers as position, length and colour so that a comparison a reader would otherwise have to calculate becomes something they can simply see.

Data engineering is the discipline of moving records from the systems that produce them into a store where they can be queried, and of keeping that supply correct while the sources underneath keep changing.

SQL is the declarative language for asking questions of relational databases: you state which rows and columns you want and how tables relate, and the database engine works out how to retrieve them.