Introductory statistics Part1: Descriptive Statistics

Natural language processing is the area of AI that makes human language readable and writable by machine: sorting text into categories, pulling structured facts out of it, translating it, generating it and measuring whether any of that came out right.

Computer vision is the branch of artificial intelligence that turns images and video into structured answers: what is in the frame, where it sits, which pixels belong to it, and where it moves next.

Agentic AI is software that wraps a language model in a loop where it can request actions from real tools, read what each action returns, and choose the next move until the job is finished or a rule stops it.

Business intelligence is the practice and the tooling for turning an organisation's data into reports and dashboards that people use to run it: connecting to the sources, modelling the data into measures everyone agrees on, and presenting it so that a manager sees the state of the business without asking an analyst.

Data governance is the set of decisions and responsibilities an organisation puts in place over its data: who owns each dataset, what each field means, who may read or change it, how long it is kept and how its quality is measured, recorded so that the answers do not depend on who is asked.

Data quality is the degree to which a dataset is fit for the purpose it is used for, assessed along named dimensions, whether the records are complete, unique, consistent, timely, valid and accurate, and measured against the requirements of the decision the data supports rather than against an absolute standard.